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Pacemakers: How They Work (Heart)

Pacemakers: How They Work Device Normalizes Heartbeat The heart beats about 100,000 times each day. Each heartbeat begins with an electrical impulse from the heart’s natural pacemaker, the sinoatrial node (S-A node), found at the right atrium. The electrical impulse it produces travels across a pathway of heart muscle to the lower pumping chambers, causing …

Intermittent Claudication (Cramping During Exercise) (Artery Disease)

Intermittent Claudication Painful Cramping During Exercise Intermittent claudication is a painful, cramp-like condition usually experienced in the calves that begins during exercise and disappears at rest. Intermittent claudication is often a symptom of peripheral artery disease, a disease in which the arteries in the arms and legs become hardened in a manner similar to atherosclerotic …

Coronary Bypass (Heart)

Coronary Bypass Graft to Repair Artery The coronary arteries supply the tissues of the heart with oxygen. A buildup of fatty deposits (plaque) in the arteries will cause a blockage and stop the flow of blood. The result is often chest pain, a heart attack or sudden death. A coronary artery bypass operation can replace …

Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (Heart)

Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Blood Flow Bypasses Diseased Arteries One of the most common major operations performed each year in the United States is coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. This surgery is indicated for patients with serious coronary artery disease that has caused the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle (coronary arteries) …

Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial Fibrillation   Abnormal Heart Rhythm The atria are the two smaller upper chambers of the heart that pump blood into the ventricles (the two larger lower chambers of the heart) after they receive an electrical signal. The ventricles, in turn, receive an electrical signal to pump blood out of the heart into the lungs …

Arterial Stents

Arterial Stents in Coronary Disease Stents Hold the Arterial Wall Open Coronary artery disease is caused by a buildup of plaque on the walls of the coronary arteries. Plaque narrows the vessels and blocks blood flow to the heart. Eventually, it can trigger a heart attack. One of the symptoms of coronary artery disease is …

Angina Pectoris Symptoms

Angina Pectoris Angina Symptoms: Feeling of heavy weight, oppression or choking under breastbone Pain extending across both sides of chest and sometimes to the arms (especially the left arm) Oxygen Supply to the Heart is Blocked Build-up of atherosclerotic plaque (coronary artery disease) narrows the diameter of the tubular space inside the blood vessel and …

Angina Pectoris

Angina Pectoris Chest Pain Is a Sign Angina is a term for chest pain. It develops when the heart does not get as much oxygen as it needs, a condition known as myocardial (heart muscle) ischemia (without oxygen). Angina is commonly a sign of coronary artery disease, in which the arteries that supply blood to …